Originally published in 1961, The Ideologies of Taxation is a classic of
taxation—a long-unavailable volume that remains uniquely applicable today. Louis
Eisenstein starts from the idea that the tax system in a democracy is shaped by competing
factions, each seeking to minimize its burden. Because few people are convinced by appeals
to self-interest, factions must give reasons, which are skillfully elaborated into systems
of belief or ideologies.
Eisenstein’s aim is to examine (and debunk) three major ideologies used to justify
various reforms of the tax system. The ideology of ability holds that taxes should be
apportioned based on ability to pay and that this is properly measured by income or
wealth. The ideology of deterrents is concerned with high taxes on private
enterprise—low and flat taxes are desired lest the wealthy reduce their work efforts and
savings. The ideology of equity is focused on equal treatment of similarly situated
individuals. Eisenstein shows, with sharp wit and an instinct for the jugular, how each of
these ideologies is plagued with contradictions, incompleteness, and, in some cases,
self-serving claims.
Louis Eisenstein was a partner in the Washington, D.C. law firm of Arnold,
Fortas, and Porter, where he specialized in federal taxation.
David A. Weisbach is Walter J. Blum Professor of Law, The University of Chicago.
Table of Contents
Foreword David A. Weisbach vii
Preface 1
1 Groups, Interests, and Ideologies 4
2 The Troubled Creed of Ability 14
3 The Dissolution of an Ideal 29
4 The Ideology of Barriers and Deterrents 47
5 By Incentives Possessed 72
6 The Special Deduction for Imaginary Costs 99
7 The Wondrous Ways of Equity 118
8 What Is a Loophole? 142
9 The Pursuit of the Public Interest 159
10 A Restrained Conclusion 179
Notes 185
Index 217
240 pages, Paperback