If you need to know the
answer to the question, "what are the latest corporate finance concepts and models
currently being used by top corporations, to improve their business planning and
execution, achieve superior returns, and manage business risks optimally?", then this
book is for you.
New developments in applied
corporate financial techniques are helping many companies better understand and manage
business risks, improve execution effectiveness and overall financial performance. This
book provides a complete picture of state-of-the-art applied corporate finance, by
presenting concepts and models in an integrated value maximisation framework. Thie book
reveals the latest techniques in:
Shareholder Valuation: EVA,
MVA, and Enterprise Valuation
Corporate Risk Exposure
Measurement: Value at Risk (VaR)
Corporate Risk Management:
Enterprise-Wide Risk Management (EWRM)
Applied Corporate Financial
Planning Model (FPM)
Corporate Tax Planning
Model: The SAVANT framework
Corporate Performance
Assessment Model: The Modified Balanced Scorecard
Samir Asaf is currently
Financial Director at AT&T Corp., USA, with more than a decade of international
experience in corporate financial management and business operations. As a member of
the Association of Financial Professionals, and the International Association of Business
Leaders, he has an active interest in strategic corporate finance and business
management.
Contets
Brief Synopsis of each
Chapter:
Chapter 1: Introduction:
Optimizing the Corporate Finance Function - an integrated framework
Each business is unique in
terms of product, market, size, industry, management, culture, and financial strength.
Companies need to tailor any generic model to its own unique needs and circumstances.
Corporate financial management includes shareholder value maximization, risk management,
financial planning, and performance assessment. Often these functions are viewed
independently. For example, risk management is often performed by the treasury department
on an ad hoc basis, and without an integrated planning and optimisation framework. The
corporate finance function supports shareholder wealth creation by supporting corporate
growth objectives with a disciplined financial foundation that is dynamically optimised
with superior insights. The Modified Balanced Scorecard provides such a framework, which
integrates economic value creation, enterprise-wide-risk management, and financial
planning in an applied model. We discuss quantitative methods for optimisation of the
corporate finance function, and assess qualitative aspects of real-world corporate finance
that supports optimal decision-making, from a senior management perspective.
Chapter 2: Shareholder Value
Maximization
Shareholder value is
maximized when a company maximizes its growth opportunities by making superior financing
and investing decisions, while optimally managing the operational risks of the business.
In this chapter, we discuss the major shareholder valuation methods, and analytical
techniques for value maximization. This includes minimization of earnings and cash flow
volatility. We focus on the economic valuation aspects or EVA-type valuation techniques
instead of accounting-based valuations, and cover both publicly listed as well as
privately held companies.
Chapter 3: Optimising
Corporate Financial Policy
Corporations usually have
some guidelines they use for financial management, such as dividend payout amounts or
payout ratios, debt-to-equity ratios, accounts receivable-to-revenue ratios and so on. As
competition gets harder, simple rules-of-thumb or directionally right benchmarks are
increasingly sub-optimal for corporate management purposes. We discuss and demonstrate how
advanced quantitative techniques can be used to reach accurate optimising financial policy
decisions, and how they can be modified over-time for dynamic optimisation. Beyond the
analytical techniques, however, optimal financial policy-making involves superior insights
into financial market dynamics, so that anticipated losses can be averted with appropriate
risk management initiatives, and new market opportunities capitalized upon.
Chapter 4: Applied
Optimisation Modeling
Applied financial
optimisation is a quantitative discipline, and nowhere is that more obvious than in the
area of financial planning. In this chapter, we discuss how a financial planning model can
be optimised using stochastic programming, incorporating uncertainty into the model, and
how Monte-Carlo simulations can be performed on the financial planning model. In the real
world, this can be done real-time with financial systems such as Hyperion, PeopleSoft etc.
that provide real-time financial statements, and with softwares such as Crystal Ball and
Risk Optimizer that can be used to estimate optimal levels of decision-variables.
Chapter 5: Applied Corporate
Risk Management
This is a difficult topic,
since risk, in general, is poorly understood and poorly estimated. Only some leading
companies have integrated risk management systems in place that allow them to dynamically
evaluate various financial risks such as exchange rate risk, interest rate risk, commodity
price risk, and operational risks. We review the state-of-the-art risk estimation model:
Value-at-Risk (VaR), and the latest integrated risk management model: Enterprise Wide Risk
Management (EWRM). We show how optimal risk exposures can be derived, and how that is, in
turn, a part of the broader corporate performance assessment model: the modified balanced
scorecard.
Chapter 6: Corporate
Financial Planning and Control
In this chapter, a detailed
financial planning model is presented that links the Balance Sheet, Income Statement, and
Cash Flow Statement. The model estimates EVA and enterprise valuation, and VaR estimation
of risk exposures, given certain assumptions and data-points. The financial model is then
used to optimise financial policy. It also identifies areas where expenses can be
streamlined, and financial controls implemented. We discuss the need for real-time
financial systems with capabilities to disaggregate financial information. In light of the
recent focus on financial data-integrity, we discuss how internal and external audits help
that process.
Chapter 7: Optimizing
Corporate Performance
The Balanced Scorecard is a
powerful method to assess corporate performance with both financial and non-financial
metrics in the scorecard. We discuss how corporate performance can be optimised with a 'modified'
balanced scorecard. The modifications we incorporate into the traditional balanced
scorecard concept are the EWRM risk management model, the EVA valuation model, SAVANT tax
planning model, the risk-adjusted value maximisation model, and the linkage among the four
areas of performance assessment: financial perspective, customer perspective, learning and
growth perspective, and internal operations and process perspective.
Chapter 8: Conclusion:
Integrated Financial Management
This chapter presents a
detailed treatment of the integrated corporate finance view that includes value
maximisation, risk management, financial planning, and performance assessment in a
modified balanced scorecard model. We discuss the linkage of financial planning with
corporate strategy and industry dynamics. Discussions include optimal pricing strategy and
tax planning.
368 pages