Comparing Financial Systems
This excellent book is a must-read for anyone interested in an in-depth understanding of
how financial systems have evolved in different countries and how they affect resource
allocation and economic development. Anjan Thakor, Edward. J. Frey Professor
of Banking and Finance, University of Michigan Business School
Financial systems are crucial
to the allocation of resources in a modern economy. They channel household savings to the
corporate sector and allocate investment funds among firms; they allow intertemporal
smoothing of consumption by households and expenditures by firms; and they enable
households and firms to share risks. These functions are common to the financial systems
of most developed economies. Yet the form of these financial systems varies widely. In the
United States and the United Kingdom competitive markets dominate the financial landscape,
whereas in France, Germany, and Japan banks have traditionally played the most important
role.
Why do different countries
have such different financial systems? Is one system better than all the others? Do
different systems merely represent alternative ways of satisfying similar needs? Is the
current trend toward market-based systems desirable?
Franklin Allen and Douglas
Gale argue that the view that market-based systems are best is simplistic. A more nuanced
approach is necessary. For example, financial markets may be bad for risk sharing;
competition in banking may be inefficient; financial crises can be good as well as bad;
and separation of ownership and control can be optimal. Financial institutions are not
simply veils, disguising the allocation mechanism without affecting it, but are crucial to
overcoming market imperfections. An optimal financial system relies on both financial
markets and financial intermediaries.
521 pages