A CEO receives a full bonus
in a year when the share price fell by 70%. Why? Because the remuneration committee say he
has 'met all his operating targets'. Have the right operating targets been set?
If you are going to manage
by numbers, make sure they are the right ones.
Understanding your
organization's key performance drivers is crucial to the success of your business. Too
often, the wrong operating targets are set, and bad targets can bring bad performance.
Smart Business Metrics
provides the tools that will enable you to make strategic decisions based on factual
analysis. It shows how smart metrics can produce joined-up management to allow all parts
of your business to work together to create value for the firm.
Smart Business Metrics will:
help you understand your
organization's key performance drivers
show you how to set the
right targets and measures for your business
enable you to apply
quantitative measures to the behaviour of your managers, customers and employees
allow you to make financial
and operational decisions
provide you with the tools
to enable you to make strategic decisions based on factual analysis.
Contents
Part 1 Do your metrics miss
the wood for the trees?
This part shows why
smartmetrics are needed. All firms use metrics but most are poorly designed. How the wrong
metrics distort performance and why individual managers will not make the best decisions
for the firm without smartmetrics to guide them.
1 Doing the right thing
This chapter illustrates the
problems of non-scientific strategy decisions: while the direction of strategy is right,
the details are wrong
How strategy gets set - case
scenarios of typical strategy setting processes
How poor measures lead to
internal fights and lack of alignment eg data consistency vs usable reports, sales revenue
vs profitability
How strategy leads to the
right idea but the wrong results eg NHS, CEO bonuses, e-business, Enron and derivatives.
2 Why is setting strategy
difficult?
This chapter explores the
difficulty of getting the right strategic decisions: pinpointing what causes success.
The firm as a complex
system.
The causes of complexity:
autonomous agents (people and their behaviour)
Issues in complex systems:
local optima (empire building); sensitivity to small changes (the devil is in the detail)
The problem of how to know
which actions were responsible for success: the credit assignment problem
How these issues appear in
practice. Case M&S
3 Pointing managers in the
right direction
This chapter shows why
managers need a framework to direct their efforts: their unaided intuition is not enough
to figure out value drivers and measures.
Why smart people don't
make smart decisions
Managerial decision biases
and common errors: biases toward the simple, the recent and the local.
Why there is no 'invisible
hand' of the market to guide them. Managers acting in their own self-interest will not
produce optimal outcomes for the firm. Their different biases and interests lead to a lack
of alignment and cooperation.
How firms attempt to impose
alignment: process, culture, KPIs
KPIs as the link between
value drivers and alignment
The problem of perverse
behaviour under KPIs: meeting a stated goal while destroying unstated goals
How alignment affects
performance: examples of poor KPI alignment vs examples of good KPI alignment
4 Applying rocket science
This chapter synthesises
basic principles of analysis and measures from techniques used in different areas of
management
A survey of techniques from
various areas of management specialisms, including finance, marketing, operations
research, business modelling
Synthesis of the basic
principles to address the credit assignment problem: variation, grouping, preferences,
linkage and dynamics.
Finding drivers in the
depths of the organization. The need to take a whole organization drivers approach.
Research findings on success factors for value creation programmes.
Issues in measuring drivers:
problems of which financial measures (eg EVA vs TSR) at firm level, measuring both hard
and soft factors, problems of group rewards, short vs long term measures, setting KPIs for
interacting groups of drivers
non-measurable or rewardable
behaviours why they may be needed and how to get them indirectly via measures
Setting KPIs that promote
alignment and joined-up thinking: whether the KPI set supports or destroys them. Dynamic
analysis from different managerial and customer viewpoints.
Part 2 Constructing
Smartmetrics for your business: Killer Analyses
This part shows how to
construct the specific smartmetrics that are right for your business. How smartmetrics can
have a major impact on performance on all aspects of performance including examples from
M&A, marketing, finance, HR and operations.
5 Killer Analyses: setting
the right KPIs
Paying for performance
setting executive rewards that reward effectiveness
Selling value setting
the right salesforce targets
50% of marketing is money
wasted find out which half
Futureproofing putting
a value on flexibility, the lease vs buy decision
6 Killer Analyses: joined up
management
Synergy, synergy, synergy
realising M&A value
Black holes getting
value from large scale IT investments
Value, but not as we know it
e-business channels and the parent firm
Cheap and cheerful?
call-centre staffing and performance
Walking the talk
giving a consistent performance management message
Neighbours
organizational design and cooperation
7 Killer Analyses: finding
the drivers
Value that grows on trees:
value trees to find where value is created (and destroyed)
How many sizes should we
stock? understanding customer segments;
How to stop losing customers
churn and customer VAR;
Giving the customers what
they want product attribute mix drivers of sales success eg price, discount,
service, lead time, relationship (similarity product grouping to find distinctive atts
what really drives?)
Laying out the stall
retail store configuration and sizing
The War for talent
what drives attraction and retention and motivation, designing the total rewards mix;
Linkage what are the
behaviours that make for a good employee?
Part 3 Putting Smartmetrics
to work
This part addresses
implementation and change management issues of how to introduce smartmetrics within your
organization
The way forward
This chapter addresses
issues of how to introduce the toolset within organizations
How to implement this
approach to joined up management
Incremental value analyses
vs big bang alignment
Upskilling managers for
value creation and alignment
Use of external consultants
The price of value is
eternal vigilance
204 pages