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PSYCHOLOGY AND WORK TODAY INTERNATIONAL EDITIONSCHULTZ D. SCHULTZ S.wydawnictwo: PEARSON ED , rok wydania 2009, wydanie Xcena netto: Psychology and Work Today provides an invaluable foundation for anyone entering today’s global business and industrial world. This informative, sophisticated, and entertaining text teaches students about the nature of work in modern society. By focusing on the practical and applied rather than the scientific ideal, the authors demonstrate how industrial-organizational psychology directly impacts our lives as job applicants, trainees, employees, managers, and consumers. Table of Contents
PREFACE PART ONE: The Practice of Industrial-Organizational Psychology Chapter 1: Principles, Practices, and Problems Would You Work If You Didn’t Have To? Newsbreak I-O Psychology on the Job I-O Psychology in Everyday Life Newsbreak What I-O Psychology Means to Your Employer An Overview of the Development of I-O Psychology Pioneers in Personnel Selection World War I and the Testing Movement The Hawthorne Studies and Motivational Issues Newsbreak World War II and Engineering Psychology Later Developments in I-O Psychology Challenges for I-O Psychology The Virtual Workplace Virtual Employees Newsbreak Worker Involvement New Technology Requires New Skills The Global Workplace Newsbreak Ethnic Diversity in the Workplace Different Generations? Different Values Newsbreak Careers in I-O Psychology Newsbreak Practical Problems for I-O Psychologists Fraudulent Practitioners Credentials and Certification Communicating with Management Worker Resistance to New Ideas Research or Application? Areas of I-O Psychology Summary Key Terms Review Questions Additional Reading Chapter 2: Techniques, Tools, and Tactics Why Study Psychological Research Methods? Requirements of Psychological Research Limitations of Psychological Research Newsbreak The Experimental Method Designing an Experiment Selecting the Subjects A Sample Experiment: The Effects of Training Conditions on Turnover and Productivity The Naturalistic Observation Method A Sample Controlled Observation: The Friendly Behaviors of Convenience Store Clerks Surveys and Public Opinion Polls Newsbreak Interviews Paper-and-Pencil Questionnaires Newsbreak Web-Based Surveys Telephone Surveys Newsbreak Survey Questions Sampling Methods Employees Attitudes toward Surveys Virtual Laboratories: Web-Based Research Analyzing Research Data Descriptive Statistics Inferential Statistics Summary Key Terms Review Questions Additional Reading PART TWO: The Development of Human Resources Chapter 3: Employee Selection Principles and Techniques What’s Your Ideal Job? The Recruitment Process Sources for Recruiting Recruiter Characteristics On-Campus Recruiting Newsbreak: If the Job Sounds Too Good to be True . . . Realistic Job Previews An Overview of the Selection Process Job and Worker Analyses Recruitment Decisions Selection Techniques Fair Employment Practices Adverse Impact Reverse Discrimination Increasing Diversity at Work Newsbreak: Are We Still at the Back of the Bus? Other Targets of Discrimination Job and Work Analysis Biographical Information Application Blanks Newsbreak: How Not to Get Hired, Part 3: Prooof-read Your Resume. Biodata Inventories Interviews Making a Good Impression Newsbreak: How Not to Get Hired, Part 4: Are You Having Fun Yet? Unstructured Interviews Structured Interviews Situational Interviews Puzzle Interviews Online Interviews The Interviewer’s Judgments References and Letters of Recommendation Newsbreak: Recommendation Letters: What if the Employee is a Nutcase? Assessment Centers The In-Basket Technique Leaderless Group Discussions Predictive Validity of Assessment Centers Attitudes toward Assessment Centers Summary Key Terms Review Questions Additional Reading Chapter 4: Psychological Testing Characteristics of Psychological Tests Standardization Objectivity Test Norms Newsbreak Reliability Validity Newsbreak Fair Employment Practices Overview of a Testing Program Newsbreak Types of Psychological Tests Individual and Group Tests Computerized Adaptive Tests Speed and Power Tests What Do Tests Measure? Cognitive Abilities Newsbreak Interests Aptitudes Personality Honesty Situational Judgment Problems with Using Psychological Tests Ethical and Privacy Issues Newsbreak Summary Key Terms Review Questions Additional Reading Chapter 5: Performance Appraisal Fair Employment Practices Performance Appraisal: Why Do It? Opposition to Performance Appraisal Newsbreak Objective Performance Appraisal Techniques Output Measures Computerized Performance Monitoring Newsbreak Job-Related Personal Data Subjective, or Judgmental, Performance Appraisal Techniques Written Narratives Merit Rating Techniques Management by Objectives (MBO) Performance Appraisal Methods for Managers Evaluation Techniques Newsbreak 360-Degree Feedback Sources of Bias in Performance Appraisal The Halo Effect Other Sources of Error Newsbreak Ways to Improve Performance Appraisals The Post-Appraisal Interview Performance Appraisal: A Poor Rating? Summary Key Terms Review Questions Additional Reading Chapter 6: Training and Development The Scope of Organizational Training Newsbreak Goals of Organizational Training Staffing for Organizational Training The Pre-Training Environment How People Learn: Psychological Issues Newsbreak Types of Training Programs On-the-Job Training Vestibule Training Apprenticeship Computer-Assisted Instruction Net-Based Training Newsbreak Behavior Modification Job Rotation Case Studies Business Games In-Basket Training Role Playing Behavior Modeling Newsbreak Executive Coaching Diversity Training Career Development and Planning Career Self-Management Newsbreak Evaluating Organizational Training Programs Summary Key Terms Discussion Questions Additional Reading PART THREE: Organizational Psychology Chapter 7: Leadership The Quality of Modern Leadership Newsbreak Scientific Management The Human Relations Approach to Leadership Theory X and Theory Y Leadership Theories Contingency Theory Path-Goal Theory The Leader-Member Exchange Newsbreak Implicit Leadership Theory Leadership Styles Authoritarian and Democratic Leaders Transactional and Transformational Leaders Charismatic Leaders The Role of Power Types of Power Uses of Power The Role of Expectations Leadership Functions The Consideration Dimension The Initiating Structure Dimension Newsbreak Characteristics of Successful Leaders First-Line Supervisors Managers and Executives Pressures and Problems of Leaders First-Line Supervisors Managers and Executives Diversity Issues in Management: Challenges for Women, Blacks, and Other Groups Newsbreak Summary Key Terms Review Questions Additional Reading Chapter 8: Motivation, Job Satisfaction, and Job Involvement Content Theories of Motivation Achievement Motivation Theory Needs Hierarchy Theory Motivator-Hygiene (Two-Factor) Theory Job-Characteristics Theory Process Theories of Motivation Newsbreak Valence-Instrumentality-Expectancy (VIE) Theory Equity Theory Goal-Setting Theory Job Satisfaction: The Quality of Life at Work Measuring Job Satisfaction Job Satisfaction Polling Data Personal Characteristics and Job Satisfaction The Impact of Unemployment Newsbreak Job Satisfaction and On-the-Job Behavior The Relationship between Job Satisfaction and Pay Perceived Pay Equity Merit Pay Newsbreak Wage-Incentive Pay Systems Job Involvement and Organizational Commitment Personal Factors Organizational Factors Types of Commitment Organizational Citizenship Behavior Summary Key Terms Review Questions Additional Reading Chapter 9: The Organization of the Organization The Bureaucratic Organizations of the Past High-Involvement Management and Employee Participation Newsbreak Total Quality Management Success or Failure? Self-Managing Work Teams Virtual Self-Managing Work Teams Newsbreak Organizational Change Organizational Development (OD) Socialization of New Employees Re-Socialization Due to Job Changes Organizational Culture Person-Organization Fit Newsbreak Labor Unions The Grievance Process Informal Groups: The Organization within the Organization The Classic Hawthorne Studies Social Loafing Group Cohesiveness Technological Change and Organizational Structure Formalization of the Workplace Virtual Meetings Loss of Group Cohesiveness Excessive Internet Use Newsbreak Electronic Monitoring Newsbreak Summary Key Terms Review Questions Additional Reading PART FOUR: Characteristics of the Workplace Chapter 10: Working Conditions Physical Working Conditions Newsbreak Work Sites Office and Workplace Design Environmental Psychology: Landscaped Offices and Cubicles Newsbreak Lighting Noise Color Newsbreak Music Temperature and Humidity Work Schedules Working Hours Permanent Part-Time Employment The Four-Day Workweek Flexible Work Schedules Newsbreak Rest Breaks Shift Work Newsbreak Psychological and Social Issues Job Simplification Boredom and Monotony Physical Fatigue Ethnic and Gender Harassment Telecommuting Summary Key Terms Review Questions Additional Reading Chapter 11: Employee Safety and Health Issues The Scope of Work-Related Health Problems Newsbreak Understanding Accident Statistics Causes of Accidents Workplace Factors Newsbreak Personal Factors Newsbreak Accident Proneness Newsbreak Accident Prevention Newsbreak Accident Reports Workplace Conditions Safety Training Management Support Safety Publicity Campaigns and Contests The Scope of Workplace Violence Alcoholism in the Workplace Effects on Job Performance The Alcoholic Executive Newsbreak Rehabilitation Programs Drug Abuse Effects on Job Performance Drug Screening Programs and Policies Computer Use and Physical Health Issues Summary Key Terms Review Questions Additional Reading Chapter 12: Stress in the Workplace Occupational Health Psychology Newsbreak Physiological Effects of Stress Psychosomatic Disorders Job Satisfaction and Feelings of Control Individual Differences in Responding to Stress Newsbreak Personality Factors Type of Occupation Sex Differences Newsbreak Work-Family Balance Newsbreak Organizational Assistance for Work-Family Conflicts Newsbreak Stressors in the Work Environment Work Overload and Underload Newsbreak Organizational Change Role Ambiguity and Role Conflict Bad Bosses, Computers, and Other Stressors Burnout Workaholism Stress-Management Programs Organizational Efforts Individual Efforts Newsbreak Summary Key Terms Review Questions Additional Reading PART FIVE: Engineering Psychology Chapter 13: Engineering Psychology Newsbreak The Development of Engineering Psychology The Scope of Engineering Psychology Newsbreak Time-and-Motion Study Newsbreak Guidelines for Efficient Work Person-Machine Systems Allocating Functions Automation: Reducing the Human Role Newsbreak The Design of Workspaces and Tools Average Body Measurements Seats for Work and Play Displays: Presenting Information Visual Displays Newsbreak Auditory Displays Tactile Displays Controls: Taking Action Human Factors in Health Care Human Factors in Everyday Life Newsbreak Human Factors and Computers Newsbreak Human Factors and Robots Summary Key Terms Review Questions Additional Reading PART SIX: Consumer Psychology Chapter 14: Consumer Psychology The Scope of Consumer Psychology Research Methods in Consumer Psychology Surveys and Public Opinion Polls Newsbreak Focus Groups Newsbreak Motivation Research Observations of Shopping Behavior Newsbreak Neuromarketing Testing Reactions to Ads Newsbreak The Nature and Scope of Advertising Types of Advertising Appeals Trademarks Product Image Product Packaging Newsbreak Sex in Ads Effectiveness of Advertising Campaigns Newsbreak Web-Based Advertising Newsbreak Consumer Behavior and Motivation Newsbreak Brand Placement Buying Habits and Brand Loyalty Product Pricing Targeted Advertising to Hispanics, Blacks, and Asians Advertising to Children and Teens Newsbreak Advertising to the Over-50 Market Advertising to the Gay Community Advertising to People with Disabilities Summary Key Terms Review Questions Additional Reading REFERENCES GLOSSARY CREDITS INDEX 456 pages, Paperback
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