The Ringtone Dialectic: Economy and Cultural Form
A decade ago, the customizable ringtone was ubiquitous. Almost any crowd of cell phone
owners could produce a carillon of tinkly, beeping, synthy, musicalized ringer signals.
Ringtones quickly became a multi-billion-dollar global industry and almost as quickly
faded away. In The Ringtone Dialectic, Sumanth Gopinath charts the rise and fall of the
ringtone economy and assesses its effect on cultural production. Gopinath describes the
technical and economic structure of the ringtone industry, considering the transformation
of ringtones from monophonic, single-line synthesizer files to polyphonic MIDI files to
digital sound files and the concomitant change in the nature of capital and rent
accumulation within the industry.
He discusses sociocultural practices that seemed to wane as a result of these shifts,
including ringtone labor, certain forms of musical notation and representation, and the
creation of musical and artistic works quoting ringtones. Gopinath examines
"declines," "reversals," and "revivals" of cultural forms
associated with the ringtone and its changes, including the Crazy Frog fad, the use of
ringtones in political movements (as in the Philippine "Gloriagate" scandal),
the ringtone's narrative function in film and television (including its striking use in
the films of the Chinese director Jia Zhangke), and the ringtone's relation to pop music
(including possible race and class aspects of ringtone consumption). Finally, Gopinath
considers the attempt to rebrand ringtones as "mobile music" and the emergence
of cloud computing.
416 pages, Hardcover