The work consists of four
chapters. The first two chapters create theoretical part of the work. The remaining
chapters contain results of empirical research undertaken by the authors.
Chapter 1 deals with
theoretical background of competitiveness. Main definitions and concepts of
competitiveness in both microeconomic perspective and macroeconomic one have been revised.
Two separate terms connected with the category 'competitiveness', namely: competitive
position and competitive advantage have been distinguished. Such a distinction enables
static and dynamic analysis of competitiveness. B. Balassa's and M. Porter's models of
national economy's competitive advantage evolution have been analysed. In the final part
of this chapter the necessity of studies on competitiveness in a macro scale have been
justified.
Chapter 2 has been devoted
to theoretical analysis of main factors of competitiveness. Main interactions within the
triad Science - Technology -Economy have been examined. The system of science, problem of
education, importance of technological change as the most important factors of competitive
development of national economy have been analysed. Main models of innovation as well as
national system of innovation and innovation diffusion have been studied carefully.
Chapter 3 begins the
empirical part of the present work. It determines Poland's competitive position in the
world economy as a whole, and on commodity markets of the EU in particular. First, the
description of methodology of research is given. Then presentation of the results of the
research follows. Poland's competitiveness has been quantified with the use of a number of
ex post quantitative indicators, such as: imports share, exports share, relative market
shares, specialisation indicator, exports-imports relations, hypothetical exports,
competitiveness indicator, trade coverage indicator, revealed comparative advantage
indicator, indices of the intensity of intra-industry trade. The analysis have been
supplemented with O.J.Mandeng's portfolio method. In addition to that Revealed Absolute
Competitiveness, which is an interesting ex ante measure, has been quantified.
Chapter 4 deals with the
problem of economic policy as a factor stimulating international competitiveness of
national economy. An attempt has been made to present the most interesting programmes
undertaken in Poland since 1990. The importance of "Strategy for Poland",
"Strategy for Poland: Package 2000", "Guidelines for Innovation Policy in
Poland", "Guidelines for Scientific and Technological Policy in Poland" and
"Broad-lines of the Long-Term Strategy for Poland's Development up to the Year
2010" has been stressed. The real problem with economic policy in Poland which is not
shortage of guidelines, but a low degree of their implementation has been pointed to as
well.
119 pages